package chaincode

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"strconv"

	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-contract-api-go/v2/contractapi"
)

// Define key names for options
const nameKey = "name"
const symbolKey = "symbol"
const decimalsKey = "decimals"
const totalSupplyKey = "totalSupply"

// Define objectType names for prefix
const allowancePrefix = "allowance"

// Define key names for options

// SmartContract provides functions for transferring tokens between accounts
type SmartContract struct {
	contractapi.Contract
}

// event provides an organized struct for emitting events
type event struct {
	From  string `json:"from"`
	To    string `json:"to"`
	Value int    `json:"value"`
}

// Mint creates new tokens and adds them to minter's account balance
// This function triggers a Transfer event
func (s *SmartContract) Mint(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, amount int) error {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to mint new tokens
	clientMSPID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetMSPID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get MSPID: %v", err)
	}
	if clientMSPID != "Org1MSP" {
		return fmt.Errorf("client is not authorized to mint new tokens")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	minter, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	if amount <= 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("mint amount must be a positive integer")
	}

	currentBalanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(minter)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read minter account %s from world state: %v", minter, err)
	}

	var currentBalance int

	// If minter current balance doesn't yet exist, we'll create it with a current balance of 0
	if currentBalanceBytes == nil {
		currentBalance = 0
	} else {
		currentBalance, _ = strconv.Atoi(string(currentBalanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the account balance, guaranteeing it was an integer.
	}

	updatedBalance, err := add(currentBalance, amount)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(minter, []byte(strconv.Itoa(updatedBalance)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Update the totalSupply
	totalSupplyBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(totalSupplyKey)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve total token supply: %v", err)
	}

	var totalSupply int

	// If no tokens have been minted, initialize the totalSupply
	if totalSupplyBytes == nil {
		totalSupply = 0
	} else {
		totalSupply, _ = strconv.Atoi(string(totalSupplyBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the totalSupply, guaranteeing it was an integer.
	}

	// Add the mint amount to the total supply and update the state
	totalSupply, err = add(totalSupply, amount)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(totalSupplyKey, []byte(strconv.Itoa(totalSupply)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Emit the Transfer event
	transferEvent := event{"0x0", minter, amount}
	transferEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferEvent)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
	}
	err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("Transfer", transferEventJSON)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
	}

	log.Printf("minter account %s balance updated from %d to %d", minter, currentBalance, updatedBalance)

	return nil
}

// Burn redeems tokens the minter's account balance
// This function triggers a Transfer event
func (s *SmartContract) Burn(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, amount int) error {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}
	// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to burn new tokens
	clientMSPID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetMSPID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get MSPID: %v", err)
	}
	if clientMSPID != "Org1MSP" {
		return fmt.Errorf("client is not authorized to mint new tokens")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	minter, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	if amount <= 0 {
		return errors.New("burn amount must be a positive integer")
	}

	currentBalanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(minter)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read minter account %s from world state: %v", minter, err)
	}

	var currentBalance int

	// Check if minter current balance exists
	if currentBalanceBytes == nil {
		return errors.New("The balance does not exist")
	}

	currentBalance, _ = strconv.Atoi(string(currentBalanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the account balance, guaranteeing it was an integer.

	updatedBalance, err := sub(currentBalance, amount)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(minter, []byte(strconv.Itoa(updatedBalance)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Update the totalSupply
	totalSupplyBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(totalSupplyKey)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve total token supply: %v", err)
	}

	// If no tokens have been minted, throw error
	if totalSupplyBytes == nil {
		return errors.New("totalSupply does not exist")
	}

	totalSupply, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(totalSupplyBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the totalSupply, guaranteeing it was an integer.

	// Subtract the burn amount to the total supply and update the state
	totalSupply, err = sub(totalSupply, amount)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(totalSupplyKey, []byte(strconv.Itoa(totalSupply)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Emit the Transfer event
	transferEvent := event{minter, "0x0", amount}
	transferEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferEvent)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
	}
	err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("Transfer", transferEventJSON)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
	}

	log.Printf("minter account %s balance updated from %d to %d", minter, currentBalance, updatedBalance)

	return nil
}

// Transfer transfers tokens from client account to recipient account
// recipient account must be a valid clientID as returned by the ClientID() function
// This function triggers a Transfer event
func (s *SmartContract) Transfer(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, recipient string, amount int) error {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	clientID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	err = transferHelper(ctx, clientID, recipient, amount)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to transfer: %v", err)
	}

	// Emit the Transfer event
	transferEvent := event{clientID, recipient, amount}
	transferEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferEvent)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
	}
	err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("Transfer", transferEventJSON)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// BalanceOf returns the balance of the given account
func (s *SmartContract) BalanceOf(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string) (int, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	balanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(account)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read from world state: %v", err)
	}
	if balanceBytes == nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("the account %s does not exist", account)
	}

	balance, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(balanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the account balance, guaranteeing it was an integer.

	return balance, nil
}

// ClientAccountBalance returns the balance of the requesting client's account
func (s *SmartContract) ClientAccountBalance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (int, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	clientID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	balanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(clientID)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read from world state: %v", err)
	}
	if balanceBytes == nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("the account %s does not exist", clientID)
	}

	balance, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(balanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the account balance, guaranteeing it was an integer.

	return balance, nil
}

// ClientAccountID returns the id of the requesting client's account
// In this implementation, the client account ID is the clientId itself
// Users can use this function to get their own account id, which they can then give to others as the payment address
func (s *SmartContract) ClientAccountID(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (string, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	clientAccountID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	return clientAccountID, nil
}

// TotalSupply returns the total token supply
func (s *SmartContract) TotalSupply(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (int, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Retrieve total supply of tokens from state of smart contract
	totalSupplyBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(totalSupplyKey)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve total token supply: %v", err)
	}

	var totalSupply int

	// If no tokens have been minted, return 0
	if totalSupplyBytes == nil {
		totalSupply = 0
	} else {
		totalSupply, _ = strconv.Atoi(string(totalSupplyBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the totalSupply, guaranteeing it was an integer.
	}

	log.Printf("TotalSupply: %d tokens", totalSupply)

	return totalSupply, nil
}

// Approve allows the spender to withdraw from the calling client's token account
// The spender can withdraw multiple times if necessary, up to the value amount
// This function triggers an Approval event
func (s *SmartContract) Approve(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, spender string, value int) error {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	owner, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	// Create allowanceKey
	allowanceKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(allowancePrefix, []string{owner, spender})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", allowancePrefix, err)
	}

	// Update the state of the smart contract by adding the allowanceKey and value
	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(allowanceKey, []byte(strconv.Itoa(value)))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update state of smart contract for key %s: %v", allowanceKey, err)
	}

	// Emit the Approval event
	approvalEvent := event{owner, spender, value}
	approvalEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(approvalEvent)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
	}
	err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("Approval", approvalEventJSON)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
	}

	log.Printf("client %s approved a withdrawal allowance of %d for spender %s", owner, value, spender)

	return nil
}

// Allowance returns the amount still available for the spender to withdraw from the owner
func (s *SmartContract) Allowance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, owner string, spender string) (int, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Create allowanceKey
	allowanceKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(allowancePrefix, []string{owner, spender})
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", allowancePrefix, err)
	}

	// Read the allowance amount from the world state
	allowanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(allowanceKey)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read allowance for %s from world state: %v", allowanceKey, err)
	}

	var allowance int

	// If no current allowance, set allowance to 0
	if allowanceBytes == nil {
		allowance = 0
	} else {
		allowance, err = strconv.Atoi(string(allowanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the totalSupply, guaranteeing it was an integer.
	}

	log.Printf("The allowance left for spender %s to withdraw from owner %s: %d", spender, owner, allowance)

	return allowance, nil
}

// TransferFrom transfers the value amount from the "from" address to the "to" address
// This function triggers a Transfer event
func (s *SmartContract) TransferFrom(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, from string, to string, value int) error {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	// Get ID of submitting client identity
	spender, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
	}

	// Create allowanceKey
	allowanceKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(allowancePrefix, []string{from, spender})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", allowancePrefix, err)
	}

	// Retrieve the allowance of the spender
	currentAllowanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(allowanceKey)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve the allowance for %s from world state: %v", allowanceKey, err)
	}

	var currentAllowance int
	currentAllowance, _ = strconv.Atoi(string(currentAllowanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the totalSupply, guaranteeing it was an integer.

	// Check if transferred value is less than allowance
	if currentAllowance < value {
		return fmt.Errorf("spender does not have enough allowance for transfer")
	}

	// Initiate the transfer
	err = transferHelper(ctx, from, to, value)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to transfer: %v", err)
	}

	// Decrease the allowance
	updatedAllowance, err := sub(currentAllowance, value)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(allowanceKey, []byte(strconv.Itoa(updatedAllowance)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Emit the Transfer event
	transferEvent := event{from, to, value}
	transferEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferEvent)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
	}
	err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("Transfer", transferEventJSON)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
	}

	log.Printf("spender %s allowance updated from %d to %d", spender, currentAllowance, updatedAllowance)

	return nil
}

// Name returns a descriptive name for fungible tokens in this contract
// returns {String} Returns the name of the token

func (s *SmartContract) Name(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (string, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	bytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(nameKey)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get Name bytes: %s", err)
	}

	return string(bytes), nil
}

// Symbol returns an abbreviated name for fungible tokens in this contract.
// returns {String} Returns the symbol of the token

func (s *SmartContract) Symbol(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (string, error) {

	// Check if contract has been intilized first
	initialized, err := checkInitialized(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to check if contract is already initialized: %v", err)
	}
	if !initialized {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("Contract options need to be set before calling any function, call Initialize() to initialize contract")
	}

	bytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(symbolKey)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get Symbol: %v", err)
	}

	return string(bytes), nil
}

// Set information for a token and intialize contract.
// param {String} name The name of the token
// param {String} symbol The symbol of the token
// param {String} decimals The decimals used for the token operations
func (s *SmartContract) Initialize(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, name string, symbol string, decimals string) (bool, error) {

	// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to intitialize contract
	clientMSPID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetMSPID()
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get MSPID: %v", err)
	}
	if clientMSPID != "Org1MSP" {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("client is not authorized to initialize contract")
	}

	// Check contract options are not already set, client is not authorized to change them once intitialized
	bytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(nameKey)
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get Name: %v", err)
	}
	if bytes != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("contract options are already set, client is not authorized to change them")
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(nameKey, []byte(name))
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set token name: %v", err)
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(symbolKey, []byte(symbol))
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set symbol: %v", err)
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(decimalsKey, []byte(decimals))
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set token name: %v", err)
	}

	return true, nil
}

// Helper Functions

// transferHelper is a helper function that transfers tokens from the "from" address to the "to" address
// Dependant functions include Transfer and TransferFrom
func transferHelper(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, from string, to string, value int) error {

	if from == to {
		return fmt.Errorf("cannot transfer to and from same client account")
	}

	if value < 0 { // transfer of 0 is allowed in ERC-20, so just validate against negative amounts
		return fmt.Errorf("transfer amount cannot be negative")
	}

	fromCurrentBalanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(from)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read client account %s from world state: %v", from, err)
	}

	if fromCurrentBalanceBytes == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("client account %s has no balance", from)
	}

	fromCurrentBalance, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(fromCurrentBalanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the account balance, guaranteeing it was an integer.

	if fromCurrentBalance < value {
		return fmt.Errorf("client account %s has insufficient funds", from)
	}

	toCurrentBalanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(to)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read recipient account %s from world state: %v", to, err)
	}

	var toCurrentBalance int
	// If recipient current balance doesn't yet exist, we'll create it with a current balance of 0
	if toCurrentBalanceBytes == nil {
		toCurrentBalance = 0
	} else {
		toCurrentBalance, _ = strconv.Atoi(string(toCurrentBalanceBytes)) // Error handling not needed since Itoa() was used when setting the account balance, guaranteeing it was an integer.
	}

	fromUpdatedBalance, err := sub(fromCurrentBalance, value)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	toUpdatedBalance, err := add(toCurrentBalance, value)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(from, []byte(strconv.Itoa(fromUpdatedBalance)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(to, []byte(strconv.Itoa(toUpdatedBalance)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	log.Printf("client %s balance updated from %d to %d", from, fromCurrentBalance, fromUpdatedBalance)
	log.Printf("recipient %s balance updated from %d to %d", to, toCurrentBalance, toUpdatedBalance)

	return nil
}

// add two number checking for overflow
func add(b int, q int) (int, error) {

	// Check overflow
	var sum int
	sum = q + b

	if (sum < q || sum < b) == (b >= 0 && q >= 0) {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Math: addition overflow occurred %d + %d", b, q)
	}

	return sum, nil
}

// Checks that contract options have been already initialized
func checkInitialized(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (bool, error) {
	tokenName, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(nameKey)
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get token name: %v", err)
	}

	if tokenName == nil {
		return false, nil
	}

	return true, nil
}

// sub two number checking for overflow
func sub(b int, q int) (int, error) {

	// sub two number checking 
	if q <= 0 {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Error: the subtraction number is %d, it should be greater than 0", q)
	}
	if b < q {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("Error: the number %d is not enough to be subtracted by %d", b, q)
	}
	var diff int
	diff = b - q

	return diff, nil
}