/* Copyright IBM Corp. All Rights Reserved. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ // ====CHAINCODE EXECUTION SAMPLES (CLI) ================== // ==== Invoke marbles, pass private data as base64 encoded bytes in transient map ==== // // export MARBLE=$(echo -n "{\"name\":\"marble1\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"size\":35,\"owner\":\"tom\",\"price\":99}" | base64 | tr -d \\n) // peer chaincode invoke -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["initMarble"]}' --transient "{\"marble\":\"$MARBLE\"}" // // export MARBLE=$(echo -n "{\"name\":\"marble2\",\"color\":\"red\",\"size\":50,\"owner\":\"tom\",\"price\":102}" | base64 | tr -d \\n) // peer chaincode invoke -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["initMarble"]}' --transient "{\"marble\":\"$MARBLE\"}" // // export MARBLE=$(echo -n "{\"name\":\"marble3\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"size\":70,\"owner\":\"tom\",\"price\":103}" | base64 | tr -d \\n) // peer chaincode invoke -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["initMarble"]}' --transient "{\"marble\":\"$MARBLE\"}" // // export MARBLE_OWNER=$(echo -n "{\"name\":\"marble2\",\"owner\":\"jerry\"}" | base64 | tr -d \\n) // peer chaincode invoke -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["transferMarble"]}' --transient "{\"marble_owner\":\"$MARBLE_OWNER\"}" // // export MARBLE_DELETE=$(echo -n "{\"name\":\"marble1\"}" | base64 | tr -d \\n) // peer chaincode invoke -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["delete"]}' --transient "{\"marble_delete\":\"$MARBLE_DELETE\"}" // ==== Query marbles, since queries are not recorded on chain we don't need to hide private data in transient map ==== // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["readMarble","marble1"]}' // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["readMarblePrivateDetails","marble1"]}' // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["getMarblesByRange","marble1","marble4"]}' // // Rich Query (Only supported if CouchDB is used as state database): // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["queryMarblesByOwner","tom"]}' // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["queryMarbles","{\"selector\":{\"owner\":\"tom\"}}"]}' // INDEXES TO SUPPORT COUCHDB RICH QUERIES // // Indexes in CouchDB are required in order to make JSON queries efficient and are required for // any JSON query with a sort. As of Hyperledger Fabric 1.1, indexes may be packaged alongside // chaincode in a META-INF/statedb/couchdb/indexes directory. Or for indexes on private data // collections, in a META-INF/statedb/couchdb/collections//indexes directory. // Each index must be defined in its own text file with extension *.json with the index // definition formatted in JSON following the CouchDB index JSON syntax as documented at: // http://docs.couchdb.org/en/2.1.1/api/database/find.html#db-index // // This marbles02_private example chaincode demonstrates a packaged index which you // can find in META-INF/statedb/couchdb/collection/collectionMarbles/indexes/indexOwner.json. // For deployment of chaincode to production environments, it is recommended // to define any indexes alongside chaincode so that the chaincode and supporting indexes // are deployed automatically as a unit, once the chaincode has been installed on a peer and // instantiated on a channel. See Hyperledger Fabric documentation for more details. // // If you have access to the your peer's CouchDB state database in a development environment, // you may want to iteratively test various indexes in support of your chaincode queries. You // can use the CouchDB Fauxton interface or a command line curl utility to create and update // indexes. Then once you finalize an index, include the index definition alongside your // chaincode in the META-INF/statedb/couchdb/indexes directory or // META-INF/statedb/couchdb/collections//indexes directory, for packaging // and deployment to managed environments. // // In the examples below you can find index definitions that support marbles02_private // chaincode queries, along with the syntax that you can use in development environments // to create the indexes in the CouchDB Fauxton interface. // //Example hostname:port configurations to access CouchDB. // //To access CouchDB docker container from within another docker container or from vagrant environments: // http://couchdb:5984/ // //Inside couchdb docker container // http://127.0.0.1:5984/ // Index for docType, owner. // Note that docType and owner fields must be prefixed with the "data" wrapper // // Index definition for use with Fauxton interface // {"index":{"fields":["data.docType","data.owner"]},"ddoc":"indexOwnerDoc", "name":"indexOwner","type":"json"} // Index for docType, owner, size (descending order). // Note that docType, owner and size fields must be prefixed with the "data" wrapper // // Index definition for use with Fauxton interface // {"index":{"fields":[{"data.size":"desc"},{"data.docType":"desc"},{"data.owner":"desc"}]},"ddoc":"indexSizeSortDoc", "name":"indexSizeSortDesc","type":"json"} // Rich Query with index design doc and index name specified (Only supported if CouchDB is used as state database): // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["queryMarbles","{\"selector\":{\"docType\":\"marble\",\"owner\":\"tom\"}, \"use_index\":[\"_design/indexOwnerDoc\", \"indexOwner\"]}"]}' // Rich Query with index design doc specified only (Only supported if CouchDB is used as state database): // peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n marblesp -c '{"Args":["queryMarbles","{\"selector\":{\"docType\":{\"$eq\":\"marble\"},\"owner\":{\"$eq\":\"tom\"},\"size\":{\"$gt\":0}},\"fields\":[\"docType\",\"owner\",\"size\"],\"sort\":[{\"size\":\"desc\"}],\"use_index\":\"_design/indexSizeSortDoc\"}"]}' package main import ( "bytes" "encoding/json" "fmt" "strings" "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/core/chaincode/shim" pb "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/peer" ) // SimpleChaincode example simple Chaincode implementation type SimpleChaincode struct { } type marble struct { ObjectType string `json:"docType"` //docType is used to distinguish the various types of objects in state database Name string `json:"name"` //the fieldtags are needed to keep case from bouncing around Color string `json:"color"` Size int `json:"size"` Owner string `json:"owner"` } type marblePrivateDetails struct { ObjectType string `json:"docType"` //docType is used to distinguish the various types of objects in state database Name string `json:"name"` //the fieldtags are needed to keep case from bouncing around Price int `json:"price"` } // =================================================================================== // Main // =================================================================================== func main() { err := shim.Start(new(SimpleChaincode)) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("Error starting Simple chaincode: %s", err) } } // Init initializes chaincode // =========================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) Init(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface) pb.Response { return shim.Success(nil) } // Invoke - Our entry point for Invocations // ======================================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) Invoke(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface) pb.Response { function, args := stub.GetFunctionAndParameters() fmt.Println("invoke is running " + function) // Handle different functions switch function { case "initMarble": //create a new marble return t.initMarble(stub, args) case "readMarble": //read a marble return t.readMarble(stub, args) case "readMarblePrivateDetails": //read a marble private details return t.readMarblePrivateDetails(stub, args) case "transferMarble": //change owner of a specific marble return t.transferMarble(stub, args) case "delete": //delete a marble return t.delete(stub, args) case "queryMarblesByOwner": //find marbles for owner X using rich query return t.queryMarblesByOwner(stub, args) case "queryMarbles": //find marbles based on an ad hoc rich query return t.queryMarbles(stub, args) case "getMarblesByRange": //get marbles based on range query return t.getMarblesByRange(stub, args) default: //error fmt.Println("invoke did not find func: " + function) return shim.Error("Received unknown function invocation") } } // ============================================================ // initMarble - create a new marble, store into chaincode state // ============================================================ func (t *SimpleChaincode) initMarble(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { var err error type marbleTransientInput struct { Name string `json:"name"` //the fieldtags are needed to keep case from bouncing around Color string `json:"color"` Size int `json:"size"` Owner string `json:"owner"` Price int `json:"price"` } // ==== Input sanitation ==== fmt.Println("- start init marble") if len(args) != 0 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Private marble data must be passed in transient map.") } transMap, err := stub.GetTransient() if err != nil { return shim.Error("Error getting transient: " + err.Error()) } if _, ok := transMap["marble"]; !ok { return shim.Error("marble must be a key in the transient map") } if len(transMap["marble"]) == 0 { return shim.Error("marble value in the transient map must be a non-empty JSON string") } var marbleInput marbleTransientInput err = json.Unmarshal(transMap["marble"], &marbleInput) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to decode JSON of: " + string(transMap["marble"])) } if len(marbleInput.Name) == 0 { return shim.Error("name field must be a non-empty string") } if len(marbleInput.Color) == 0 { return shim.Error("color field must be a non-empty string") } if marbleInput.Size <= 0 { return shim.Error("size field must be a positive integer") } if len(marbleInput.Owner) == 0 { return shim.Error("owner field must be a non-empty string") } if marbleInput.Price <= 0 { return shim.Error("price field must be a positive integer") } // ==== Check if marble already exists ==== marbleAsBytes, err := stub.GetPrivateData("collectionMarbles", marbleInput.Name) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to get marble: " + err.Error()) } else if marbleAsBytes != nil { fmt.Println("This marble already exists: " + marbleInput.Name) return shim.Error("This marble already exists: " + marbleInput.Name) } // ==== Create marble object, marshal to JSON, and save to state ==== marble := &marble{ ObjectType: "marble", Name: marbleInput.Name, Color: marbleInput.Color, Size: marbleInput.Size, Owner: marbleInput.Owner, } marbleJSONasBytes, err := json.Marshal(marble) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } // === Save marble to state === err = stub.PutPrivateData("collectionMarbles", marbleInput.Name, marbleJSONasBytes) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } // ==== Create marble private details object with price, marshal to JSON, and save to state ==== marblePrivateDetails := &marblePrivateDetails{ ObjectType: "marblePrivateDetails", Name: marbleInput.Name, Price: marbleInput.Price, } marblePrivateDetailsBytes, err := json.Marshal(marblePrivateDetails) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } err = stub.PutPrivateData("collectionMarblePrivateDetails", marbleInput.Name, marblePrivateDetailsBytes) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } // ==== Index the marble to enable color-based range queries, e.g. return all blue marbles ==== // An 'index' is a normal key/value entry in state. // The key is a composite key, with the elements that you want to range query on listed first. // In our case, the composite key is based on indexName~color~name. // This will enable very efficient state range queries based on composite keys matching indexName~color~* indexName := "color~name" colorNameIndexKey, err := stub.CreateCompositeKey(indexName, []string{marble.Color, marble.Name}) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } // Save index entry to state. Only the key name is needed, no need to store a duplicate copy of the marble. // Note - passing a 'nil' value will effectively delete the key from state, therefore we pass null character as value value := []byte{0x00} stub.PutPrivateData("collectionMarbles", colorNameIndexKey, value) // ==== Marble saved and indexed. Return success ==== fmt.Println("- end init marble") return shim.Success(nil) } // =============================================== // readMarble - read a marble from chaincode state // =============================================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) readMarble(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { var name, jsonResp string var err error if len(args) != 1 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Expecting name of the marble to query") } name = args[0] valAsbytes, err := stub.GetPrivateData("collectionMarbles", name) //get the marble from chaincode state if err != nil { jsonResp = "{\"Error\":\"Failed to get state for " + name + "\"}" return shim.Error(jsonResp) } else if valAsbytes == nil { jsonResp = "{\"Error\":\"Marble does not exist: " + name + "\"}" return shim.Error(jsonResp) } return shim.Success(valAsbytes) } // =============================================== // readMarblereadMarblePrivateDetails - read a marble private details from chaincode state // =============================================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) readMarblePrivateDetails(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { var name, jsonResp string var err error if len(args) != 1 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Expecting name of the marble to query") } name = args[0] valAsbytes, err := stub.GetPrivateData("collectionMarblePrivateDetails", name) //get the marble private details from chaincode state if err != nil { jsonResp = "{\"Error\":\"Failed to get private details for " + name + ": " + err.Error() + "\"}" return shim.Error(jsonResp) } else if valAsbytes == nil { jsonResp = "{\"Error\":\"Marble private details does not exist: " + name + "\"}" return shim.Error(jsonResp) } return shim.Success(valAsbytes) } // ================================================== // delete - remove a marble key/value pair from state // ================================================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) delete(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { fmt.Println("- start delete marble") type marbleDeleteTransientInput struct { Name string `json:"name"` } if len(args) != 0 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Private marble name must be passed in transient map.") } transMap, err := stub.GetTransient() if err != nil { return shim.Error("Error getting transient: " + err.Error()) } if _, ok := transMap["marble_delete"]; !ok { return shim.Error("marble_delete must be a key in the transient map") } if len(transMap["marble_delete"]) == 0 { return shim.Error("marble_delete value in the transient map must be a non-empty JSON string") } var marbleDeleteInput marbleDeleteTransientInput err = json.Unmarshal(transMap["marble_delete"], &marbleDeleteInput) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to decode JSON of: " + string(transMap["marble_delete"])) } if len(marbleDeleteInput.Name) == 0 { return shim.Error("name field must be a non-empty string") } // to maintain the color~name index, we need to read the marble first and get its color valAsbytes, err := stub.GetPrivateData("collectionMarbles", marbleDeleteInput.Name) //get the marble from chaincode state if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to get state for " + marbleDeleteInput.Name) } else if valAsbytes == nil { return shim.Error("Marble does not exist: " + marbleDeleteInput.Name) } var marbleToDelete marble err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(valAsbytes), &marbleToDelete) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to decode JSON of: " + string(valAsbytes)) } // delete the marble from state err = stub.DelPrivateData("collectionMarbles", marbleDeleteInput.Name) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to delete state:" + err.Error()) } // Also delete the marble from the color~name index indexName := "color~name" colorNameIndexKey, err := stub.CreateCompositeKey(indexName, []string{marbleToDelete.Color, marbleToDelete.Name}) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } err = stub.DelPrivateData("collectionMarbles", colorNameIndexKey) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to delete state:" + err.Error()) } // Finally, delete private details of marble err = stub.DelPrivateData("collectionMarblePrivateDetails", marbleDeleteInput.Name) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } return shim.Success(nil) } // =========================================================== // transfer a marble by setting a new owner name on the marble // =========================================================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) transferMarble(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { fmt.Println("- start transfer marble") type marbleTransferTransientInput struct { Name string `json:"name"` Owner string `json:"owner"` } if len(args) != 0 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Private marble data must be passed in transient map.") } transMap, err := stub.GetTransient() if err != nil { return shim.Error("Error getting transient: " + err.Error()) } if _, ok := transMap["marble_owner"]; !ok { return shim.Error("marble_owner must be a key in the transient map") } if len(transMap["marble_owner"]) == 0 { return shim.Error("marble_owner value in the transient map must be a non-empty JSON string") } var marbleTransferInput marbleTransferTransientInput err = json.Unmarshal(transMap["marble_owner"], &marbleTransferInput) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to decode JSON of: " + string(transMap["marble_owner"])) } if len(marbleTransferInput.Name) == 0 { return shim.Error("name field must be a non-empty string") } if len(marbleTransferInput.Owner) == 0 { return shim.Error("owner field must be a non-empty string") } marbleAsBytes, err := stub.GetPrivateData("collectionMarbles", marbleTransferInput.Name) if err != nil { return shim.Error("Failed to get marble:" + err.Error()) } else if marbleAsBytes == nil { return shim.Error("Marble does not exist: " + marbleTransferInput.Name) } marbleToTransfer := marble{} err = json.Unmarshal(marbleAsBytes, &marbleToTransfer) //unmarshal it aka JSON.parse() if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } marbleToTransfer.Owner = marbleTransferInput.Owner //change the owner marbleJSONasBytes, _ := json.Marshal(marbleToTransfer) err = stub.PutPrivateData("collectionMarbles", marbleToTransfer.Name, marbleJSONasBytes) //rewrite the marble if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } fmt.Println("- end transferMarble (success)") return shim.Success(nil) } // =========================================================================================== // getMarblesByRange performs a range query based on the start and end keys provided. // Read-only function results are not typically submitted to ordering. If the read-only // results are submitted to ordering, or if the query is used in an update transaction // and submitted to ordering, then the committing peers will re-execute to guarantee that // result sets are stable between endorsement time and commit time. The transaction is // invalidated by the committing peers if the result set has changed between endorsement // time and commit time. // Therefore, range queries are a safe option for performing update transactions based on query results. // =========================================================================================== func (t *SimpleChaincode) getMarblesByRange(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { if len(args) < 2 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Expecting 2") } startKey := args[0] endKey := args[1] resultsIterator, err := stub.GetPrivateDataByRange("collectionMarbles", startKey, endKey) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } defer resultsIterator.Close() // buffer is a JSON array containing QueryResults var buffer bytes.Buffer buffer.WriteString("[") bArrayMemberAlreadyWritten := false for resultsIterator.HasNext() { queryResponse, err := resultsIterator.Next() if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } // Add a comma before array members, suppress it for the first array member if bArrayMemberAlreadyWritten == true { buffer.WriteString(",") } buffer.WriteString("{\"Key\":") buffer.WriteString("\"") buffer.WriteString(queryResponse.Key) buffer.WriteString("\"") buffer.WriteString(", \"Record\":") // Record is a JSON object, so we write as-is buffer.WriteString(string(queryResponse.Value)) buffer.WriteString("}") bArrayMemberAlreadyWritten = true } buffer.WriteString("]") fmt.Printf("- getMarblesByRange queryResult:\n%s\n", buffer.String()) return shim.Success(buffer.Bytes()) } // =======Rich queries ========================================================================= // Two examples of rich queries are provided below (parameterized query and ad hoc query). // Rich queries pass a query string to the state database. // Rich queries are only supported by state database implementations // that support rich query (e.g. CouchDB). // The query string is in the syntax of the underlying state database. // With rich queries there is no guarantee that the result set hasn't changed between // endorsement time and commit time, aka 'phantom reads'. // Therefore, rich queries should not be used in update transactions, unless the // application handles the possibility of result set changes between endorsement and commit time. // Rich queries can be used for point-in-time queries against a peer. // ============================================================================================ // ===== Example: Parameterized rich query ================================================= // queryMarblesByOwner queries for marbles based on a passed in owner. // This is an example of a parameterized query where the query logic is baked into the chaincode, // and accepting a single query parameter (owner). // Only available on state databases that support rich query (e.g. CouchDB) // ========================================================================================= func (t *SimpleChaincode) queryMarblesByOwner(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { // 0 // "bob" if len(args) < 1 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Expecting 1") } owner := strings.ToLower(args[0]) queryString := fmt.Sprintf("{\"selector\":{\"docType\":\"marble\",\"owner\":\"%s\"}}", owner) queryResults, err := getQueryResultForQueryString(stub, queryString) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } return shim.Success(queryResults) } // ===== Example: Ad hoc rich query ======================================================== // queryMarbles uses a query string to perform a query for marbles. // Query string matching state database syntax is passed in and executed as is. // Supports ad hoc queries that can be defined at runtime by the client. // If this is not desired, follow the queryMarblesForOwner example for parameterized queries. // Only available on state databases that support rich query (e.g. CouchDB) // ========================================================================================= func (t *SimpleChaincode) queryMarbles(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, args []string) pb.Response { // 0 // "queryString" if len(args) < 1 { return shim.Error("Incorrect number of arguments. Expecting 1") } queryString := args[0] queryResults, err := getQueryResultForQueryString(stub, queryString) if err != nil { return shim.Error(err.Error()) } return shim.Success(queryResults) } // ========================================================================================= // getQueryResultForQueryString executes the passed in query string. // Result set is built and returned as a byte array containing the JSON results. // ========================================================================================= func getQueryResultForQueryString(stub shim.ChaincodeStubInterface, queryString string) ([]byte, error) { fmt.Printf("- getQueryResultForQueryString queryString:\n%s\n", queryString) resultsIterator, err := stub.GetPrivateDataQueryResult("collectionMarbles", queryString) if err != nil { return nil, err } defer resultsIterator.Close() // buffer is a JSON array containing QueryRecords var buffer bytes.Buffer buffer.WriteString("[") bArrayMemberAlreadyWritten := false for resultsIterator.HasNext() { queryResponse, err := resultsIterator.Next() if err != nil { return nil, err } // Add a comma before array members, suppress it for the first array member if bArrayMemberAlreadyWritten == true { buffer.WriteString(",") } buffer.WriteString("{\"Key\":") buffer.WriteString("\"") buffer.WriteString(queryResponse.Key) buffer.WriteString("\"") buffer.WriteString(", \"Record\":") // Record is a JSON object, so we write as-is buffer.WriteString(string(queryResponse.Value)) buffer.WriteString("}") bArrayMemberAlreadyWritten = true } buffer.WriteString("]") fmt.Printf("- getQueryResultForQueryString queryResult:\n%s\n", buffer.String()) return buffer.Bytes(), nil }