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Add ERC1155 chaincode in Go (#463)

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Signed-off-by: Baran Kılıç <baran.kilic@boun.edu.tr>
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# ERC-1155 Chaincode
This is a sample ERC-1155 chaincode written in Go.
ERC-20 is the standard for fungible tokens. ERC-721 is the standard for non-fungible tokens. ERC-1155 is the standard for multiple tokens (both fungible and non-fungible). [More information about the ERC-1155 standard can be found here.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155)
## Architecture
This implementation aims for high throughput by minimizing key collisions. The balance of accounts is distributed over multiple keys. The token transfers can be batched using the batched versions of functions (e.g. BatchTransferFrom, BalanceOfBatch). Since ERC-1155 is account-based, the interface of the chaincode is account-based. However, since the balances are distributed over multiple keys, the chaincode has a model similar to a UTXO-based chaincode internally.
In this chaincode, one organization has a minter/burner role just like in the [ERC-20 example in this repository](https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples/tree/main/token-erc-20).
## Functions Implemented
The following required functions of ERC-1155 are implemented:
- safeTransferFrom
- safeBatchTransferFrom
- balanceOf
- balanceOfBatch
- setApprovalForAll
- isApprovedForAll
Note: The "safe" prefix is omitted from "TransferFrom" in the implementation because the prefix is related to some issue about backwards compatibility with older smart contracts in Ethereum.
Note: TransferFrom is used to send a single token type between two users. BatchTransferFrom is used to send multiple tokens between two users. So, BatchTransferFrom is a more general form of TransferFrom. Ethereum defined two functions instead of one because this reduces gas costs. Since there is no gas cost in Fabric, implementing these two functions is unnecessary. Nevertheless, both of them are implemented to to conform the ERC-1155 standard.
## Additional Functions Implemented
The following additional functions are also implemented. The following paragraphs give the reasoning behind adding these functions:
- Optional Metadata URI extension:
Defined in ERC-1155 but not required. Allows one to set a URI for tokens and get the URI.
- SetURI
- URI
- Mint/Burn extension:
Although Mint / Burn are not required, they are necessary to change the supply of tokens, create new fungible or non-fungible tokens. In a real implementation, they will be implemented unless the supply of the tokens is fixed beforehand. MintBatch / BurnBatch is only implemented to complement the TransferFrom/BatchTransferFrom. Actually, using only MintBatch and BurnBatch would be enough.
- Mint
- MintBatch
- Burn
- BurnBatch
- Extra/utility functions
- BatchTransferFromMultiRecipient: This is not defined in the standard. We created this function to solve an issue we encountered. It is only required if a person wants to send tokens to multiple persons in a blockchain block. If a person doesn't use this function and create two transactions in a single block, there will be key conflicts because the chaincode will try to decrement the balance of the sender twice in a block and this causes a key conflict in Fabric [just like explained in here](https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples/tree/main/high-throughput). This problem does not exist in Ethereum because, in Ethereum, the transactions are ordered before they are executed.
- BroadcastTokenExistence: Explained in ERC-1155 but it is not required. It is only used if a token minter wants to announce the existence of a token without minting it.
- ClientAccountID: This function is special for Fabric because we do not have wallet addresses in Fabric and users need to know their account ID to transfer tokens.
- ClientAccountBalance: A shorthand for BalanceOf function.
## Example Usage
### Launch test network
Open a command terminal and navigate to the test network directory.
```bash
cd fabric-samples/test-network
```
Clean up the existing network if you have any.
```bash
./network.sh down
```
Start test network
```bash
./network.sh up createChannel -ca
```
### Deploy chaincode
Deploy ERC-1155 chaincode.
```bash
./network.sh deployCC -ccn erc1155 -ccp ../token-erc-1155/chaincode-go/ -ccl go
```
### Register identities
In this example, there are two organizations (org). We will register new identities using the Org1 and Org2 Certificate Authorities (CA's), and then use the CA's to generate each identity's certificate and private key.
We need to set the following environment variables to use the Fabric CA client (and subsequent commands). The first command sets Fabric config path. The second command adds Fabric CLI utilities to path.
```bash
export FABRIC_CFG_PATH=${PWD}/../config/
export PATH=${PWD}/../bin:$PATH
```
The terminal we have been using will represent Org1. We will use the Org1 CA to create a new identity. Set the Fabric CA client home to the MSP of the Org1 CA admin (this identity was generated by the test network script).
```bash
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/
```
Register `Person1` identity to Org1.
```bash
fabric-ca-client register --caname ca-org1 --id.name person1 --id.secret person1pw --id.type client --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org1/tls-cert.pem"
```
Generate the identity certificates and MSP folder.
```bash
fabric-ca-client enroll -u https://person1:person1pw@localhost:7054 --caname ca-org1 -M "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/users/person1@org1.example.com/msp" --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org1/tls-cert.pem"
```
Copy the Node OU configuration file into the identity MSP folder.
```bash
cp "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/msp/config.yaml" "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/users/person1@org1.example.com/msp/config.yaml"
```
Open a new terminal to represent Org2 and navigate to fabric-samples/test-network. We'll use the Org2 CA to create the Org2 identities. Set the Fabric CA client home to the MSP of the Org2 CA admin.
```bash
cd fabric-samples/test-network
export FABRIC_CFG_PATH=${PWD}/../config/
export PATH=${PWD}/../bin:$PATH
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/
```
Register `Person2`, `Person3`, `Person4`, `Person5` to Org2.
```bash
fabric-ca-client register --caname ca-org2 --id.name person2 --id.secret person2pw --id.type client --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
fabric-ca-client enroll -u https://person2:person2pw@localhost:8054 --caname ca-org2 -M "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person2@org2.example.com/msp" --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
cp "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml" "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person2@org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml"
fabric-ca-client register --caname ca-org2 --id.name person3 --id.secret person3pw --id.type client --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
fabric-ca-client enroll -u https://person3:person3pw@localhost:8054 --caname ca-org2 -M "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person3@org2.example.com/msp" --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
cp "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml" "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person3@org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml"
fabric-ca-client register --caname ca-org2 --id.name person4 --id.secret person4pw --id.type client --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
fabric-ca-client enroll -u https://person4:person4pw@localhost:8054 --caname ca-org2 -M "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person4@org2.example.com/msp" --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
cp "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml" "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person4@org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml"
fabric-ca-client register --caname ca-org2 --id.name person5 --id.secret person5pw --id.type client --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
fabric-ca-client enroll -u https://person5:person5pw@localhost:8054 --caname ca-org2 -M "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person5@org2.example.com/msp" --tls.certfiles "${PWD}/organizations/fabric-ca/org2/tls-cert.pem"
cp "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml" "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person5@org2.example.com/msp/config.yaml"
```
### Get account ID
Go back to the Org1 terminal, we'll set the following environment variables to operate the peer CLI as the minter identity from Org1.
```bash
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED=true
export CORE_PEER_LOCALMSPID="Org1MSP"
export CORE_PEER_MSPCONFIGPATH=${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/users/person1@org1.example.com/msp
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE=${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/peers/peer0.org1.example.com/tls/ca.crt
export CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=localhost:7051
export TARGET_TLS_OPTIONS=(-o localhost:7050 --ordererTLSHostnameOverride orderer.example.com --tls --cafile "${PWD}/organizations/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp/tlscacerts/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem" --peerAddresses localhost:7051 --tlsRootCertFiles "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/peers/peer0.org1.example.com/tls/ca.crt" --peerAddresses localhost:9051 --tlsRootCertFiles "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/peers/peer0.org2.example.com/tls/ca.crt")
```
Get client account ID for Person1.
```bash
peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c '{"function":"ClientAccountID","Args":[]}'
```
```
eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uMSxPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcxLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUR1cmhhbSxTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVT
```
Client Account ID is a base64-encoded concatenation of the issuer and subject from the client identity's enrolment certificate.
You can decode it with the following command:
```bash
echo "eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uMSxPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcxLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUR1cmhhbSxTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVT" | base64 --decode
```
```
x509::CN=person1,OU=client,O=Hyperledger,ST=North Carolina,C=US::CN=ca.org1.example.com,O=org1.example.com,L=Durham,ST=North Carolina,C=US
```
Set the client account IDs as environment variables on both of the terminals to make the subsequent commands more readable.
```bash
export P1="eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uMSxPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcxLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMS5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUR1cmhhbSxTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVT"
export P2="eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uMixPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcyLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUh1cnNsZXksU1Q9SGFtcHNoaXJlLEM9VUs="
export P3="eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uMyxPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcyLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUh1cnNsZXksU1Q9SGFtcHNoaXJlLEM9VUs="
export P4="eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uNCxPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcyLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUh1cnNsZXksU1Q9SGFtcHNoaXJlLEM9VUs="
export P5="eDUwOTo6Q049cGVyc29uNSxPVT1jbGllbnQsTz1IeXBlcmxlZGdlcixTVD1Ob3J0aCBDYXJvbGluYSxDPVVTOjpDTj1jYS5vcmcyLmV4YW1wbGUuY29tLE89b3JnMi5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSxMPUh1cnNsZXksU1Q9SGFtcHNoaXJlLEM9VUs="
```
### Mint tokens
Mint tokens by calling the MintBatch function in order to create 100 token1s, 200 token2s, 300 token3s, 150 token4s, 100 token5s, 100 token6s as Person P1 from organization 1.
```bash
peer chaincode invoke "${TARGET_TLS_OPTIONS[@]}" -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"MintBatch\",\"Args\":[\"$P1\",\"[1,2,3,4,5,6]\",\"[100,200,300,150,100,100]\"]}" --waitForEvent
```
Query the tokens of Person1.
```bash
peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"BalanceOfBatch\",\"Args\":[\"[\\\"$P1\\\",\\\"$P1\\\",\\\"$P1\\\",\\\"$P1\\\",\\\"$P1\\\",\\\"$P1\\\"]\",\"[1,2,3,4,5,6]\"]}"
```
```
[100,200,300,150,100,100]
```
Side note: There may seem too many slashes in the previous command. It double escapes the quotes. One escape is to be able to use quotes in the `-c` argument of the command. The second escape is necessary to pass the account IDs as an array. Quote is needed since the elements of the array are strings.
### Transfer tokens
#### TransferFrom
Send Person P2 six token3s by calling TransferFrom as Person P1.
```bash
peer chaincode invoke "${TARGET_TLS_OPTIONS[@]}" -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"TransferFrom\",\"Args\":[\"$P1\",\"$P2\",\"3\",\"6\"]}" --waitForEvent
```
Get the new Balance of Person1 for token3.
```bash
peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"BalanceOf\",\"Args\":[\"$P1\",\"3\"]}"
```
```
294
```
Switch to the Org2 terminal and set the following environment variables.
```bash
export FABRIC_CFG_PATH=$PWD/../config/
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED=true
export CORE_PEER_LOCALMSPID="Org2MSP"
export CORE_PEER_MSPCONFIGPATH=${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/users/person2@org2.example.com/msp
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE=${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/peers/peer0.org2.example.com/tls/ca.crt
export CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=localhost:9051
export TARGET_TLS_OPTIONS=(-o localhost:7050 --ordererTLSHostnameOverride orderer.example.com --tls --cafile "${PWD}/organizations/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp/tlscacerts/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem" --peerAddresses localhost:7051 --tlsRootCertFiles "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/peers/peer0.org1.example.com/tls/ca.crt" --peerAddresses localhost:9051 --tlsRootCertFiles "${PWD}/organizations/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/peers/peer0.org2.example.com/tls/ca.crt")
```
Get the new balance of Person2 for token3.
```bash
peer chaincode query -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"BalanceOf\",\"Args\":[\"$P2\",\"3\"]}"
```
```
6
```
#### BatchTransferFrom
Switch to the Org1 terminal.
Send Person P2 six token3s, three token4s, and one token2s by calling BatchTransferFrom as Person P1.
```bash
peer chaincode invoke "${TARGET_TLS_OPTIONS[@]}" -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"BatchTransferFrom\",\"Args\":[\"$P1\",\"$P2\",\"[3,4,2]\",\"[6,3,1]\"]}" --waitForEvent
```
#### BatchTransferFromMultiReceipent
Call BatchTransferFromMultiReceipent as Person1 in order to send:
- six token5s to person P3,
- six token3s to person P4,
- three token4s to person P2,
- two token2s to person P5,
- and three token6s to person P2.
```bash
peer chaincode invoke "${TARGET_TLS_OPTIONS[@]}" -C mychannel -n erc1155 -c "{\"function\":\"BatchTransferFromMultiRecipient\",\"Args\":[\"$P1\",\"[\\\"$P3\\\",\\\"$P4\\\",\\\"$P2\\\",\\\"$P5\\\",\\\"$P2\\\"]\",\"[5,3,4,2,6]\",\"[6,6,3,2,3]\"]}" --waitForEvent
```
### Clean up
When you are finished, you can bring down the test network. This command will bring down the CAs, peers, and ordering node of the network that you created.
```bash
./network.sh down
```

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/*
2021 Baran Kılıç <baran.kilic@boun.edu.tr>
SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
package chaincode
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"strconv"
"strings"
"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-contract-api-go/contractapi"
)
const uriKey = "uri"
const balancePrefix = "account~tokenId~sender"
const approvalPrefix = "account~operator"
const minterMSPID = "Org1MSP"
// SmartContract provides functions for transferring tokens between accounts
type SmartContract struct {
contractapi.Contract
}
// TransferSingle MUST emit when a single token is transferred, including zero
// value transfers as well as minting or burning.
// The operator argument MUST be msg.sender.
// The from argument MUST be the address of the holder whose balance is decreased.
// The to argument MUST be the address of the recipient whose balance is increased.
// The id argument MUST be the token type being transferred.
// The value argument MUST be the number of tokens the holder balance is decreased
// by and match what the recipient balance is increased by.
// When minting/creating tokens, the from argument MUST be set to `0x0` (i.e. zero address).
// When burning/destroying tokens, the to argument MUST be set to `0x0` (i.e. zero address).
type TransferSingle struct {
Operator string `json:"operator"`
From string `json:"from"`
To string `json:"to"`
ID uint64 `json:"id"`
Value uint64 `json:"value"`
}
// TransferBatch MUST emit when tokens are transferred, including zero value
// transfers as well as minting or burning.
// The operator argument MUST be msg.sender.
// The from argument MUST be the address of the holder whose balance is decreased.
// The to argument MUST be the address of the recipient whose balance is increased.
// The ids argument MUST be the list of tokens being transferred.
// The values argument MUST be the list of number of tokens (matching the list
// and order of tokens specified in _ids) the holder balance is decreased by
// and match what the recipient balance is increased by.
// When minting/creating tokens, the from argument MUST be set to `0x0` (i.e. zero address).
// When burning/destroying tokens, the to argument MUST be set to `0x0` (i.e. zero address).
type TransferBatch struct {
Operator string `json:"operator"`
From string `json:"from"`
To string `json:"to"`
IDs []uint64 `json:"ids"`
Values []uint64 `json:"values"`
}
// TransferBatchMultiRecipient MUST emit when tokens are transferred, including zero value
// transfers as well as minting or burning.
// The operator argument MUST be msg.sender.
// The from argument MUST be the address of the holder whose balance is decreased.
// The to argument MUST be the list of the addresses of the recipients whose balance is increased.
// The ids argument MUST be the list of tokens being transferred.
// The values argument MUST be the list of number of tokens (matching the list
// and order of tokens specified in _ids) the holder balance is decreased by
// and match what the recipient balance is increased by.
// When minting/creating tokens, the from argument MUST be set to `0x0` (i.e. zero address).
// When burning/destroying tokens, the to argument MUST be set to `0x0` (i.e. zero address).
type TransferBatchMultiRecipient struct {
Operator string `json:"operator"`
From string `json:"from"`
To []string `json:"to"`
IDs []uint64 `json:"ids"`
Values []uint64 `json:"values"`
}
// ApprovalForAll MUST emit when approval for a second party/operator address
// to manage all tokens for an owner address is enabled or disabled
// (absence of an event assumes disabled).
type ApprovalForAll struct {
Owner string `json:"owner"`
Operator string `json:"operator"`
Approved bool `json:"approved"`
}
// URI MUST emit when the URI is updated for a token ID.
// Note: This event is not used in this contract implementation because in this implementation,
// only the programmatic way of setting URI is used. The URI should contain {id} as part of it
// and the clients MUST replace this with the actual token ID.
type URI struct {
Value string `json:"value"`
ID uint64 `json:"id"`
}
type ToID struct {
To string
ID uint64
}
// Mint creates amount tokens of token type id and assigns them to account.
// This function emits a TransferSingle event.
func (s *SmartContract) Mint(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, id uint64, amount uint64) error {
// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to mint new tokens
err := authorizationHelper(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Mint tokens
err = mintHelper(ctx, operator, account, id, amount)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Emit TransferSingle event
transferSingleEvent := TransferSingle{operator, "0x0", account, id, amount}
return emitTransferSingle(ctx, transferSingleEvent)
}
// MintBatch creates amount tokens for each token type id and assigns them to account.
// This function emits a TransferBatch event.
func (s *SmartContract) MintBatch(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, ids []uint64, amounts []uint64) error {
if len(ids) != len(amounts) {
return fmt.Errorf("ids and amounts must have the same length")
}
// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to mint new tokens
err := authorizationHelper(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Group amount by token id because we can only send token to a recipient only one time in a block. This prevents key conflicts
amountToSend := make(map[uint64]uint64) // token id => amount
for i := 0; i < len(amounts); i++ {
amountToSend[ids[i]] += amounts[i]
}
// Mint tokens
for id, amount := range amountToSend {
err = mintHelper(ctx, operator, account, id, amount)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Emit TransferBatch event
transferBatchEvent := TransferBatch{operator, "0x0", account, ids, amounts}
return emitTransferBatch(ctx, transferBatchEvent)
}
// Burn destroys amount tokens of token type id from account.
// This function triggers a TransferSingle event.
func (s *SmartContract) Burn(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, id uint64, amount uint64) error {
if account == "0x0" {
return fmt.Errorf("burn to the zero address")
}
// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to burn new tokens
err := authorizationHelper(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Burn tokens
err = removeBalance(ctx, account, []uint64{id}, []uint64{amount})
if err != nil {
return err
}
transferSingleEvent := TransferSingle{operator, account, "0x0", id, amount}
return emitTransferSingle(ctx, transferSingleEvent)
}
// BurnBatch destroys amount tokens of for each token type id from account.
// This function emits a TransferBatch event.
func (s *SmartContract) BurnBatch(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, ids []uint64, amounts []uint64) error {
if account == "0x0" {
return fmt.Errorf("burn to the zero address")
}
if len(ids) != len(amounts) {
return fmt.Errorf("ids and amounts must have the same length")
}
// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to burn new tokens
err := authorizationHelper(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
err = removeBalance(ctx, account, ids, amounts)
if err != nil {
return err
}
transferBatchEvent := TransferBatch{operator, account, "0x0", ids, amounts}
return emitTransferBatch(ctx, transferBatchEvent)
}
// TransferFrom transfers tokens from sender account to recipient account
// recipient account must be a valid clientID as returned by the ClientID() function
// This function triggers a TransferSingle event
func (s *SmartContract) TransferFrom(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, sender string, recipient string, id uint64, amount uint64) error {
if sender == recipient {
return fmt.Errorf("transfer to self")
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Check whether operator is owner or approved
if operator != sender {
approved, err := _isApprovedForAll(ctx, sender, operator)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !approved {
return fmt.Errorf("caller is not owner nor is approved")
}
}
// Withdraw the funds from the sender address
err = removeBalance(ctx, sender, []uint64{id}, []uint64{amount})
if err != nil {
return err
}
if recipient == "0x0" {
return fmt.Errorf("transfer to the zero address")
}
// Deposit the fund to the recipient address
err = addBalance(ctx, sender, recipient, id, amount)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Emit TransferSingle event
transferSingleEvent := TransferSingle{operator, sender, recipient, id, amount}
return emitTransferSingle(ctx, transferSingleEvent)
}
// BatchTransferFrom transfers multiple tokens from sender account to recipient account
// recipient account must be a valid clientID as returned by the ClientID() function
// This function triggers a TransferBatch event
func (s *SmartContract) BatchTransferFrom(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, sender string, recipient string, ids []uint64, amounts []uint64) error {
if sender == recipient {
return fmt.Errorf("transfer to self")
}
if len(ids) != len(amounts) {
return fmt.Errorf("ids and amounts must have the same length")
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Check whether operator is owner or approved
if operator != sender {
approved, err := _isApprovedForAll(ctx, sender, operator)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !approved {
return fmt.Errorf("caller is not owner nor is approved")
}
}
// Withdraw the funds from the sender address
err = removeBalance(ctx, sender, ids, amounts)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if recipient == "0x0" {
return fmt.Errorf("transfer to the zero address")
}
// Group amount by token id because we can only send token to a recipient only one time in a block. This prevents key conflicts
amountToSend := make(map[uint64]uint64) // token id => amount
for i := 0; i < len(amounts); i++ {
amountToSend[ids[i]] += amounts[i]
}
// Deposit the funds to the recipient address
for id, amount := range amountToSend {
err = addBalance(ctx, sender, recipient, id, amount)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
transferBatchEvent := TransferBatch{operator, sender, recipient, ids, amounts}
return emitTransferBatch(ctx, transferBatchEvent)
}
// BatchTransferFromMultiRecipient transfers multiple tokens from sender account to multiple recipient accounts
// recipient account must be a valid clientID as returned by the ClientID() function
// This function triggers a TransferBatchMultiRecipient event
func (s *SmartContract) BatchTransferFromMultiRecipient(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, sender string, recipients []string, ids []uint64, amounts []uint64) error {
if len(recipients) != len(ids) || len(ids) != len(amounts) {
return fmt.Errorf("recipients, ids, and amounts must have the same length")
}
for _, recipient := range recipients {
if sender == recipient {
return fmt.Errorf("transfer to self")
}
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Check whether operator is owner or approved
if operator != sender {
approved, err := _isApprovedForAll(ctx, sender, operator)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !approved {
return fmt.Errorf("caller is not owner nor is approved")
}
}
// Withdraw the funds from the sender address
err = removeBalance(ctx, sender, ids, amounts)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Group amount by (recipient, id ) pair because we can only send token to a recipient only one time in a block. This prevents key conflicts
amountToSend := make(map[ToID]uint64) // (recipient, id ) => amount
for i := 0; i < len(amounts); i++ {
amountToSend[ToID{recipients[i], ids[i]}] += amounts[i]
}
// Deposit the funds to the recipient addresses
for key, amount := range amountToSend {
if key.To == "0x0" {
return fmt.Errorf("transfer to the zero address")
}
err = addBalance(ctx, sender, key.To, key.ID, amount)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Emit TransferBatchMultiRecipient event
transferBatchMultiRecipientEvent := TransferBatchMultiRecipient{operator, sender, recipients, ids, amounts}
return emitTransferBatchMultiRecipient(ctx, transferBatchMultiRecipientEvent)
}
// IsApprovedForAll returns true if operator is approved to transfer account's tokens.
func (s *SmartContract) IsApprovedForAll(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, operator string) (bool, error) {
return _isApprovedForAll(ctx, account, operator)
}
// _isApprovedForAll returns true if operator is approved to transfer account's tokens.
func _isApprovedForAll(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, operator string) (bool, error) {
approvalKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(approvalPrefix, []string{account, operator})
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", approvalPrefix, err)
}
approvalBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(approvalKey)
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to read approval of operator %s for account %s from world state: %v", operator, account, err)
}
if approvalBytes == nil {
return false, nil
}
var approved bool
err = json.Unmarshal(approvalBytes, &approved)
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode approval JSON of operator %s for account %s: %v", operator, account, err)
}
return approved, nil
}
// SetApprovalForAll returns true if operator is approved to transfer account's tokens.
func (s *SmartContract) SetApprovalForAll(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, operator string, approved bool) error {
// Get ID of submitting client identity
account, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
if account == operator {
return fmt.Errorf("setting approval status for self")
}
approvalForAllEvent := ApprovalForAll{account, operator, approved}
approvalForAllEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(approvalForAllEvent)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
}
err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("ApprovalForAll", approvalForAllEventJSON)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
}
approvalKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(approvalPrefix, []string{account, operator})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", approvalPrefix, err)
}
approvalJSON, err := json.Marshal(approved)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to encode approval JSON of operator %s for account %s: %v", operator, account, err)
}
err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(approvalKey, approvalJSON)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// BalanceOf returns the balance of the given account
func (s *SmartContract) BalanceOf(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, id uint64) (uint64, error) {
return balanceOfHelper(ctx, account, id)
}
// BalanceOfBatch returns the balance of multiple account/token pairs
func (s *SmartContract) BalanceOfBatch(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, accounts []string, ids []uint64) ([]uint64, error) {
if len(accounts) != len(ids) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("accounts and ids must have the same length")
}
balances := make([]uint64, len(accounts))
for i := 0; i < len(accounts); i++ {
var err error
balances[i], err = balanceOfHelper(ctx, accounts[i], ids[i])
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return balances, nil
}
// ClientAccountBalance returns the balance of the requesting client's account
func (s *SmartContract) ClientAccountBalance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, id uint64) (uint64, error) {
// Get ID of submitting client identity
clientID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
return balanceOfHelper(ctx, clientID, id)
}
// ClientAccountID returns the id of the requesting client's account
// In this implementation, the client account ID is the clientId itself
// Users can use this function to get their own account id, which they can then give to others as the payment address
func (s *SmartContract) ClientAccountID(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) (string, error) {
// Get ID of submitting client identity
clientAccountID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
return clientAccountID, nil
}
// SetURI set the URI value
// This function triggers URI event for each token id
func (s *SmartContract) SetURI(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, uri string) error {
// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to mint new tokens
err := authorizationHelper(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !strings.Contains(uri, "{id}") {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set uri, uri should contain '{id}'")
}
err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(uriKey, []byte(uri))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set uri: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
// URI returns the URI
func (s *SmartContract) URI(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, id uint64) (string, error) {
uriBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(uriKey)
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get uri: %v", err)
}
if uriBytes == nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("no uri is set: %v", err)
}
return string(uriBytes), nil
}
func (s *SmartContract) BroadcastTokenExistance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, id uint64) error {
// Check minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to mint new tokens
err := authorizationHelper(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Get ID of submitting client identity
operator, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client id: %v", err)
}
// Emit TransferSingle event
transferSingleEvent := TransferSingle{operator, "0x0", "0x0", id, 0}
return emitTransferSingle(ctx, transferSingleEvent)
}
// Helper Functions
// authorizationHelper checks minter authorization - this sample assumes Org1 is the central banker with privilege to mint new tokens
func authorizationHelper(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface) error {
clientMSPID, err := ctx.GetClientIdentity().GetMSPID()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get MSPID: %v", err)
}
if clientMSPID != minterMSPID {
return fmt.Errorf("client is not authorized to mint new tokens")
}
return nil
}
func mintHelper(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, operator string, account string, id uint64, amount uint64) error {
if account == "0x0" {
return fmt.Errorf("mint to the zero address")
}
if amount <= 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("mint amount must be a positive integer")
}
err := addBalance(ctx, operator, account, id, amount)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func addBalance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, sender string, recipient string, id uint64, amount uint64) error {
// Convert id to string
idString := strconv.FormatUint(uint64(id), 10)
balanceKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(balancePrefix, []string{recipient, idString, sender})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", balancePrefix, err)
}
balanceBytes, err := ctx.GetStub().GetState(balanceKey)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to read account %s from world state: %v", recipient, err)
}
var balance uint64 = 0
if balanceBytes != nil {
balance, _ = strconv.ParseUint(string(balanceBytes), 10, 64)
}
balance += amount
err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(balanceKey, []byte(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(balance), 10)))
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func setBalance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, sender string, recipient string, id uint64, amount uint64) error {
// Convert id to string
idString := strconv.FormatUint(uint64(id), 10)
balanceKey, err := ctx.GetStub().CreateCompositeKey(balancePrefix, []string{recipient, idString, sender})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create the composite key for prefix %s: %v", balancePrefix, err)
}
err = ctx.GetStub().PutState(balanceKey, []byte(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(amount), 10)))
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func removeBalance(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, sender string, ids []uint64, amounts []uint64) error {
// Calculate the total amount of each token to withdraw
necessaryFunds := make(map[uint64]uint64) // token id -> necessary amount
for i := 0; i < len(amounts); i++ {
necessaryFunds[ids[i]] += amounts[i]
}
// Check whether the sender has the necessary funds and withdraw them from the account
for tokenId, neededAmount := range necessaryFunds {
idString := strconv.FormatUint(uint64(tokenId), 10)
var partialBalance uint64
var selfRecipientKeyNeedsToBeRemoved bool
var selfRecipientKey string
balanceIterator, err := ctx.GetStub().GetStateByPartialCompositeKey(balancePrefix, []string{sender, idString})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get state for prefix %v: %v", balancePrefix, err)
}
defer balanceIterator.Close()
// Iterate over keys that store balances and add them to partialBalance until
// either the necessary amount is reached or the keys ended
for balanceIterator.HasNext() && partialBalance < neededAmount {
queryResponse, err := balanceIterator.Next()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get the next state for prefix %v: %v", balancePrefix, err)
}
partBalAmount, _ := strconv.ParseUint(string(queryResponse.Value), 10, 64)
partialBalance += partBalAmount
_, compositeKeyParts, err := ctx.GetStub().SplitCompositeKey(queryResponse.Key)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if compositeKeyParts[2] == sender {
selfRecipientKeyNeedsToBeRemoved = true
selfRecipientKey = queryResponse.Key
} else {
err = ctx.GetStub().DelState(queryResponse.Key)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete the state of %v: %v", queryResponse.Key, err)
}
}
}
if partialBalance < neededAmount {
return fmt.Errorf("sender has insufficient funds for token %v, needed funds: %v, available fund: %v", tokenId, neededAmount, partialBalance)
} else if partialBalance > neededAmount {
// Send the remainder back to the sender
remainder := partialBalance - neededAmount
if selfRecipientKeyNeedsToBeRemoved {
// Set balance for the key that has the same address for sender and recipient
err = setBalance(ctx, sender, sender, tokenId, remainder)
if err != nil {
return err
}
} else {
err = addBalance(ctx, sender, sender, tokenId, remainder)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
} else {
// Delete self recipient key
err = ctx.GetStub().DelState(selfRecipientKey)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete the state of %v: %v", selfRecipientKey, err)
}
}
}
return nil
}
func emitTransferSingle(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, transferSingleEvent TransferSingle) error {
transferSingleEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferSingleEvent)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
}
err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("TransferSingle", transferSingleEventJSON)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
func emitTransferBatch(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, transferBatchEvent TransferBatch) error {
transferBatchEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferBatchEvent)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
}
err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("TransferBatch", transferBatchEventJSON)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
func emitTransferBatchMultiRecipient(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, transferBatchMultiRecipientEvent TransferBatchMultiRecipient) error {
transferBatchMultiRecipientEventJSON, err := json.Marshal(transferBatchMultiRecipientEvent)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain JSON encoding: %v", err)
}
err = ctx.GetStub().SetEvent("TransferBatchMultiRecipient", transferBatchMultiRecipientEventJSON)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set event: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
// balanceOfHelper returns the balance of the given account
func balanceOfHelper(ctx contractapi.TransactionContextInterface, account string, id uint64) (uint64, error) {
if account == "0x0" {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("balance query for the zero address")
}
// Convert id to string
idString := strconv.FormatUint(uint64(id), 10)
var balance uint64
balanceIterator, err := ctx.GetStub().GetStateByPartialCompositeKey(balancePrefix, []string{account, idString})
if err != nil {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to get state for prefix %v: %v", balancePrefix, err)
}
defer balanceIterator.Close()
for balanceIterator.HasNext() {
queryResponse, err := balanceIterator.Next()
if err != nil {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to get the next state for prefix %v: %v", balancePrefix, err)
}
balAmount, _ := strconv.ParseUint(string(queryResponse.Value), 10, 64)
balance += balAmount
}
return balance, nil
}

27
token-erc-1155/chaincode-go/erc1155.go Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
/*
2021 Baran Kılıç <baran.kilic@boun.edu.tr>
SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
package main
import (
"erc1155/chaincode"
"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-contract-api-go/contractapi"
)
func main() {
smartContract := new(chaincode.SmartContract)
cc, err := contractapi.NewChaincode(smartContract)
if err != nil {
panic(err.Error())
}
if err := cc.Start(); err != nil {
panic(err.Error())
}
}

5
token-erc-1155/chaincode-go/go.mod Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
module erc1155
go 1.16
require github.com/hyperledger/fabric-contract-api-go v1.1.1

145
token-erc-1155/chaincode-go/go.sum Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
github.com/DATA-DOG/go-txdb v0.1.3/go.mod h1:DhAhxMXZpUJVGnT+p9IbzJoRKvlArO2pkHjnGX7o0n0=
github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.1 h1:WEQqlqaGbrPkxLJWfBwQmfEAE1Z7ONdDLqrN38tNFfI=
github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.1/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578 h1:d+Bc7a5rLufV/sSk/8dngufqelfh6jnri85riMAaF/M=
github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible/go.mod h1:uF7uidLiAD3TWHmW31ZFd/JWoc32PjwdhPthX9715RE=
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github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
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